Spinal compression fractures—most often occurring in the thoracic or lumbar vertebrae—commonly result from osteoporosis, trauma, or metastatic disease. Symptoms include sudden onset of back pain, tenderness over the affected vertebra, height loss, and potential spinal deformity (e.g., kyphosis). Pain can limit mobility and reduce quality of life.
Risk factors include advanced age, female sex (post-menopausal osteoporosis), chronic steroid use, cancer, and prior fractures.
Treatment typically includes pain medication, rest, and spinal bracing. Severe or persistent fractures may benefit from vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty—minimally invasive procedures that stabilize the bone and relieve pain.