Lumbar foraminal stenosis refers to narrowing of the neural foramen—the small openings where nerve roots exit the spinal column—in the lower back. As these passages constrict due to degenerative changes (like disc bulging, arthritis, or inflammation), nearby nerve roots become pinched, causing localized or radiating pain, numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness in the lower limb. Symptoms can worsen with standing or walking and may partially improve with posture adjustments.
Diagnosis is based on symptom distribution, physical exam showing nerve dysfunction, and imaging (MRI or CT) confirming narrowing at specific spinal levels.
Treatment begins with non-surgical interventions—NSAIDs, targeted physical therapy, ergonomic adjustments, injections (e.g., epidural steroids)—and progresses to surgery (such as foraminotomy) in cases of persistent, debilitating symptoms. Ongoing management also includes posture training and possibly bracing to slow degenerative progression.